The Importance of Rubric Language

For years, I have struggled with the value of rubrics. A well respected colleague of mine told me they were very limiting. When we add descriptors that quantify the information rather than qualify it, the value of the statement given by the student is justified merely by being there rather than by being accurate. Rubrics are not wrong. The language can merely be the obstacle that prevents students from learning from their experiences.

Jan Chappuis describes 3 types of rubric language in her "Seven Strategies" document. I have summarized the ideas below:

1. Descriptive Language

• Ex: Display of information is accurate, mostly complete, and is mostly organized so that it is easy to interpret. It may have one or two small omissions.

2. Evaluative Language

• Ex: Good display of information.

3. Quantitative Language

• Displays three pieces of information.

In the descriptive language rubric, the student knows what he or she has done well and what needs to be improved. It is measurable in a way that the student can understand how to advance their own learning. 

Evaluative language lets the student know they did well. It does not, however, specify how the student has succeeded or what steps need to be taken in order to change the descriptor from good to excellent. 

Quantitative language limits the measure of the work to a number of items included in the work. It is not even clear if these items are accurate or noteworthy. Again, there is no direction for improvement.

It is obvious that it takes descriptive language to involve the student in his or her own assessment. It invites the student to be responsible for his or her own learning and to take the necessary steps to advance that learning. This encourages not only better grades, which are secondary at best, but also skills that will transfer to other areas of learning for this grade and any learning that follows, in or out of school.

Back to Portland

We are headed back to Portland for another ATI conference. How lucky am I to work in a division that values the work we do and supports the professional development we are willing to pursue in order to better our practices and the learning experiences of our students?

The November conference will focus on "Seven Strategies of Assessment for Learning", by Jan Chappuis. I am plugging away at it so that I have a working knowledge of it before attending. So far, I have found that many of her theories and recommended practices are already a part of my belief system.

Much of what I am reading has already been shared with us at the Summer Institute with Rick Stiggins. This alone makes it a quicker read. I am continually confirming that I am on the right track with these strategies and that whether or not I knew why I was using them, they were based on sound research. What reinforces it for me now is that by reading the "WHY", the "HOW" becomes more purposeful.

I love the idea of developing assessment criteria with my students. The problem I encounter with this one is that it is very time consuming. In a school year where every minute counts towards covering as many of the curricular outcomes as possible, I am challenged with the value of the class time required to make this strategy worthwhile. I mentioned this same concern to Tom Schimmer at the Summer Institute and his reply (although based in a high school philosophy) was that at times, this criteria is given to the students and worked on from there. We simply do not have the time to invest in this step as in depth as we would like.

The contrast between a learning goal vs. a performance goal was also helpful to consider. I had never really differentiated between the two before, but it is important for the students to understand what they are LEARNING even more so than what they are DOING.

Assessment Training Institute Summer Conference

Here I am on my last night in Portland, Oregon, after spending a week with some of the great minds in the field of evaluation and assessment in education. What a rush this has been. The week has flown by and I have had the opportunity to engage in dialogue with Rick Stiggins, who is unfortunately retiring at the end of this year, Janet Malone, Ken O'Connor, Jay McTighe, and Tom Schimmer, among others.

The thing that has really resonated for me during this conference is the fact that I am definitely headed in the right direction. The theme was Classroom Assessment for Learning. I already believe in the sound practices advocated by the speakers we had the privilege to learn from. The message is not to encourage us to adopt yet another new procedure, but to analyze what we do and ensure that we are working in the best interest of the success of the child.

I am anxious to review my notes and start posting entries about the ideas and practices I can and will use in my own classroom. I love that this conference was offered in the beginning of July. This way, my work is still fresh in my mind and I also have a number of weeks to process the information before embarking on a new school year composed of great assessment practices that are research-based and proven to be effective for all students.

La motivation des notes

Les bulletins provinciaux viennent finalement cogner à notre porte. Certains voient cette nouvelle demande comme un intrus, d'autre comme un invité longuement attendu. Je ne vois pas une fin à ce débat dans le futur proche, mais la réalité (au moins pour le moment) est qu'on ne peut pas le mettre à la porte.

Les bulletins pour le cycle primaire (et jusqu'à la 6e année) ne changent pas beaucoup la façon de faire dans notre école. Les sujets sont divisés en compétences exigées par les programmes d'étude et on prend note des habitudes de travail et de comportement de l'enfant. On avait déjà la bonne idée. Cette démarche appuie la recherche qui nous démontre que l'évaluation de l'enfant nécessite une mesure de la progression de ces compétences et que le niveau de rendement se mesure uniquement sur son atteinte (ou non) et à quel point, des compétences mesurées.

Le secondaire semblait être le seul regroupement qui ne suivait pas la recherche de pratiques exemplaires en évaluation (ou plus spécifiquement dans le rapportage de l'évaluation). On donnait un pourcentage (qui représente la somme collective des travaux, tests, examens, et tout autre forme d'évaluation) pour identifier l'élève à ses parents. On ne décrivait pas l'élève, ses forces, ses faiblesses, ni les suivis à faire. Le sujet n'était pas décomposé en compétences mesurées, donc je questionnait la signifiance du nombre. Le nouveau bulletin n'a presque pas changé pour le niveau secondaire. On ajoute quelques points de comportement, mais autre que cela il demeure vague et faible en communication du vrai profil de l'élève.

La plus grande contraverse, cependant, était aux niveaux 7 et 8. Dans les quelques dernières années, on avait vraiment fait du chemin. On avait aboli les notes en pourcentages, selon la recherche, et on avait embarqué dans un système d'évaluation qui appuie le développement non seulement de l'enfant, mais aussi de l'enseignment de cet enfant selon ses besoins.
Les pourcentages offrent une motivation externe (donc moins valable). Le plus grand défi qui se présente à ce niveau est celui de la motivation. Les élèves ont arrêté de poser la question de la valeur des travaux. Au lieu de la fameuse, "Est-ce que ça compte?" on entend, "J'apprécie les commentaires. Je sais comment améliorer mon travail." Ils sont moins inquiets de l'étiquette et plus axé sur l'apprentissage. Je croyais que c'était notre but.

Mon plus gros problème avec ceci est que nous sommes les professionnels dans le domaine de l'éducation. J'ai fait ma recherche. J'ai appliqué les pratiques fondées dans cette recherche et j'ai aidé à mes élèves à cheminer dans leur apprentissage au lieu de se concentrer sur une étiquette numérique. C'est intéressant que ce soit ceux qui ne sont pas formés dans le domaine de l'évaluation qui me disent comment la faire.

Alors la prochaine fois qu'ils auront besoin d'un médecin, est-ce qu'ils diront au médecin comment procéder ou lui feront-ils confiance en raison de son expertise?

Seven Practices for Effective Learning by Jay McTighe and Ken O'Connor




November 2005,
Volume 63, Number 3

  This article is a must read for all teachers. One of the biggest problems I face as a teacher is the amount of professional reading I would like to do versus the time I have to get it done. I would love to see more articles like this one, where the essential points are made in a short article that gives a clear picture of what effective teaching looks like.

The practices described in this article list principles of what education is meant to be. I believe most teachers are in agreement with what is proposed here, but many become overwhelmed with the other demands we face (lesson preparation, assessment and evaluation, parent communication, coaching, report writing, extra-curricular activities) and experience real challenges when it comes to putting them into effect.

To begin with, the article defines the three types of evaluation used throughout the course of the teaching and learning process. Each has a role to play in assessment.

• Diagnostic assessments: are primarily used to get to know your students. Once we know who we are teaching, lessons can be created to meet their needs. By using diagnostic assessments, we discover what the students already know, what they understand correctly, what they misunderstand, and what their interests are, among other important facts.
• Formative assessments: are used to provide the necessary feedback to give direction to learning. This is the part the student does or understands well and this is what needs to be done next to continue on the path towards mastery. It also provides the teacher with information about the progress of the students in order to offer individualized guidance in the learning process.
• Summative assessments: give a portrait of what the student has learned by the end of an instructional segment. It defines the student's standing after instruction, practice and collection of summative evidence has taken place.

The Seven practices for effective learning are listed as follows:

1. Use summative assessments to frame meaningful learning goals.
2. Show criteria and models in advance.
3. Assess before teaching.
4. Offer appropriate choices.
5. Provide feedback early and often.
6. Encourage self-assessment and goal setting.
7. Allow new evidence of achievement to replace old evidence.

Each of these practices are described in such a way that the reader can see it as a living thing in the classroom. The examples provided are real and believable. I found it easy to visualize each of these practices in my classroom. They are not really a new way of thinking, but a reminder of what we all know to be true.

If I had to recommend an article on exemplary teaching practices and effective use of evaluation and assessment, this one would be it.

TFO - Une ressource sous utilisée

Depuis des années, on nous encourage de prendre avantage de la ressource TFO - une collection de vidéos éducatives pré-sélectionnées qui appuyent toute une gamme de sujets et de thèmes de nos programmes d'étude. À chaque année, j'y fais ma mission et à chaque année, je manque de temps.

Le facteur qui est le plus difficile à surmonter ici est celui de l'accès. Je n'ai pas accès de la maison, qui est mon lieu de préparation majeur pendant l'année scolaire et surtout durant l'été. C'est la raison pour laquelle je n'ai pas avancé plus loin jusqu'à maintenant, mais en essayant de visionner deux ou trois vidéos par semaine avant de quitter à la fin de la journée, je viendrai à bout de mieux employer une ressource valable.

Les avantages se prononcent bien plus nombreuses que les désavantages bien sûr. Les vidéos (au moins celles que j'ai eu la chance de visionner) comportent un français qui est généralement à la portée des élèves. Il y en a plusieurs qui sont animées par des enfants et des ados, ce qui rend l'établissement d'un lien encore plus facile pour nos élèves.

Une série que je découvre présentement est Active-toi. Elle contient un grand nombre de vidéos qui donne une mission à un petit groupe d'élèves d'effectuer une recherche et de trouver une solution à un problème actuel, que ce soit l'intimidation dans nos écoles ou la pollution globale de l'eau. En visionnant, la classe suit les étapes de la résolution de problèmes et pourra l'ajouter à sa banque de stratégies de recherche.

J'ai créé un blogue ( http://tfodsfm8.blogspot.com/ ) pour pouvoir organiser et commenter les vidéos que je visionne afin de rendre ma recherche plus efficace d'année en année. J'ai hâte de mieux développer mes cours avec cette ressource indispensable. Je vois bien comment il sera facile d'ajouter ces emissions dans ma planification inverse des thèmes variés. Il faut simplement avancer à petits pas afin d'effectuer le trajet.

Leyton Schnellert - Part 1: The Big Ideas

Leyton Schnellert

Leyton Schnellert was one of the most dynamic presenters I have had the opportunity to hear. His session was one of my choices, but I had not decided until I heard a colleague rave about what he'd heard from others who'd seen him present. (And yes, he's as visual as he is vocal.) Convinced, I stayed and am very glad I did.

Summarizing his ideas and methods would rob some of them of the attention they deserve. I want to refer back to these ideas and will therefore break them into separate articles to make it easier to revisit them later.

I want to start with what he referred to as The Big Ideas. When dealing with courses such as Science and Social Studies, it is so easy to slip back into the textbook and let it guide me in what I choose to teach. I mean, most of these textbooks are designed with the provincial curriculum guides as the blueprint so why reinvent the wheel? As I listened to him talk about meeting our students where they are at and identifying their strengths and needs as learners, I can decide which skills to target in a purposefully methodical way. This will be discussed in a later article.

Getting back to the Big Ideas, this is where the light went on for me. I could easily picture the process he suggests.

1. Working in collaboration with a colleague, take a look at all the general and specific outcomes for a specific unit of study. This is perfect for school who already engage in PLC (professional learning communities) groups.
2. Separately, then together, decide which 3 or 4 BIG ideas need to be addressed. These should relate to both the learning outcomes identified in the curriculum AND the social issues or topics of interest that apply to the students.
3. With the Big Ideas in mind, identify the skills that need to be built into the unit.
4. Now that you know where you want to go, plan the road map you will follow in order to get there.
5. Formative assessment will be a part of each of the pit stops along the way.

In my afternoon session, Karen Hume made reference to this same idea. She said that when you start with the actions instead of the desired result, you are not focusing on the skill that you wish to develop but in the final product. When I start with the end in mind, everything I plan will be for a reason.

The Big Ideas become the questions we ask of the students. If I tell them what they will learn, there is no intention to learn. Inquiry questions help students think about the unit in a general way and develop the curiosity to want to know more. When they ask questions, they become engaged and take ownership of their learning. The student can take the wheel - and I become his or her navigator.